All Entries in the "Research/Study" Category
Pew Research Center Report Examines the Persisting Gender Pay Gap
In 2022, American women typically earned 82 cents for every dollar earned by men. That was about the same as in 2002, when they earned 80 cents to the dollar. The slow pace at which the gender pay gap has narrowed this century contrasts sharply with the progress in the preceding two decades: In 1982, women earned just 65 cents to each dollar earned by men.
Women Underrepresented Among “Super Principal Investigators” on NIH Grant Projects
Super principal investigators are researchers who received three or more concurrent grants from the National Institutes of Health. Women were significantly underrepresented among SPIs, even after adjusting for career stage and degree. Women were 26.6 percent of all super principal investigators in 2020. They were 34 percent less likely than their male colleagues to be an SPI.
College Athletic Powerhouses Receive a Grade of F in Gender Equity in Leadership Posts
In the Fall of 2022, there were 30 women who served as president or chancellor of the 130 educational institutions that make up the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Women were only 7.7 percent of all directors of athletics at these colleges and universities
The Gender Gap in Educational Attainment in the United States
There are about 5.5. million more women than men in the United States who are college educated. Women hold a large lead over men in master’s degree attainments. Men continue to hold a narrowing lead over women in professional degrees and doctorates.
Some Alarming Data on the Mental Health of High School Girls
A new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention finds that nearly 3 in 5 (57 percent) U.S. teenage girls felt persistently sad or hopeless in 2021 — double the rate of boys. Nearly one third of high school girls said they had thought about suicide in the past year compared to 14 percent of high school boys.
How Teacher Development Initiatives Can Increase Girl Students’ Pursuit of STEM Degrees
A new study led by scholars at Rice University in Houston, Texas, found that when middle and high school teachers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) pursue continuing professional development, their students benefit. The effect was particularly evident for girls and had its largest impact on Black girls.
The Snail-Like Progress of Women Into the Executive Suite at the Nation’s Largest Companies
A new study by USA Today finds that of the 533 executive officers at the nation’s largest firms, there were 90 women. They made up 17 percent of the total. Women of color made up just one percent of all executive officers at these firms.
UCLA Launches a New Research Center on Reproductive Science and Health
The UCLA Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education aims to fill a void in reproductive health knowledge while developing new technologies to improve reproductive health for all. The center’s work will include research into the reproductive and endocrine systems, contraception, infertility, and pregnancy
Debunking the Claim That Menstruation Negatively Impacts Women’s Athletic Endurance and Performance
Female subjects are excluded from over 90 percent of studies on exercise performance and fatigability because hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle were thought to affect exercise capability. But a new study led by researchers in the department of exercise science at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, finds that this is not the case.
Report Finds a Gender Disparity in Laboratory Space at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography
The analysis found that the gender differences in lab, storage, and office space could not be explained by seniority, discipline, funding, or size of the faculty member’s research group. Rather they conclude that “our analysis points to the existence of widespread, institution-wide cultural barriers to gender equity within Scripps.”
Women Making Progress in STEM Education and Occupations, But More Work Needs to Be Done
The number of science and engineering degrees earned by women between 2011 and 2020 increased by 63 percent at the associate’s level, 34 percent at the bachelor’s level, 45 percent at the master’s degree level, and 18 percent at the doctorate level. But in 2021 women, who were 51 percent of the population, represented about one-third of the STEM workforce.
Study Finds Women Making Gains in Election to the National Academies
A new study led by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, finds that there has been significant increases in women scholars in psychology, mathematics, and economics in recent years and even greater increases in the share of women in these fields who have been elected to the National Academy of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Study Examines How an Academic Department’s Gender Composition Impacts Teacher Evaluations
A new study led by Oriana Aragón, an assistant professor of marketing in the College of Business at the University of Cincinnati, finds that professors in the gender minority of university academic departments tend to receive lower scores in their performance evaluations because of gender bias.
Women Make Up a Tiny Percentage of Editors of Scientific Journals
A new study led by researchers at New York University Abu Dhabi examined the gender disparity in the makeup of editorial boards of scientific journals. The researchers used algorithmic tools to infer the gender of 81,000 editors serving more than 1,000 journals and 15 disciplines over five decades. The results show that only 14 percent of the editors were women. Only 8 percent of editors-in-chief were women.
The Long Road to Gender Parity in Academic Publishing in STEM Fields
A forthcoming book, authored by Cassidy R. Sugimoto of the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Vincent Larivière of the University of Montreal, presents evidence that women will not reach parity with men in scientific publishing for many decades. In some fields, parity will not be achieved for more than a century.
Indiana University Study Examines the Average Age Women Have Given Birth Over the Past 250,000 Years
Researchers determined that the average age that humans had children throughout the past 250,000 years is 26.9. Furthermore, fathers were consistently older, at 30.7 years on average, than mothers, at 23.2 years on average. But the age gap has shrunk in the past 5,000 years. The shrinking gap seems to largely be due to mothers having children at older ages.
American Association of University Women Updates Its Report on the Gender Pay Gap
Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the AAUW calculated that in 2021 women were paid just 84 cents for every dollar paid to men when comparing full-time, year-round workers. However, when the calculation included all workers, the earnings discrepancy is substantially larger: Women took home only 77 cents for every dollar men did.
New York University Study Finds That Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Costs Continue to Rise, Particularly for Women
A new study by researchers at the New York University School of Global Public Health finds that despite improvements in employer-sponsored insurance by the Affordable Care Act, health care costs and out-of-pocket expenditures have continued to rise. This is particularly true for women, according to the study.
How Working From Home During the Pandemic Impacted Gender Roles in Household Duties
A new study led by Jasmine Hu, a professor of management at Ohio State University, found that among dual-earning couples, both men and women completed more family-related tasks when working from home. However, when wives worked from home, husbands performed less housework. This was not the case for wives when their husbands worked from home.
The Importance of Women Mentors to Undergraduate Women Students in Engineering
A new study conducted at the University of Massachusetts Amherst finds that when first-year female STEM students are mentored by women student peers, the positive ripple effect lasts throughout their undergraduate years and into their postgraduate lives, enhancing the mentee’s subjective experience as well as objective academic outcomes.
San Diego State University Scholar Finds Women Are Vastly Underrepresented in Behind-the-Scenes Roles in Hollywood
A study by Martha M. Lauzen, a professor and executive director of the Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film at San Diego State University, found that in 2022, women comprised 24 percent of directors, writers, producers, executive producers, editors, and cinematographers working on the top 250 grossing films. This represents a decline of 1 percentage point from 2021.
How COVID-19 Exacerbated Health Inequalities in Postpartum Care
A new study by Brown University researchers found that attendance at postpartum health care visits declined by almost six percentage points during the COVID-19 pandemic — with uninsured women, Black women, and women under age 19 facing the sharpest decreases in visits. Thus, the pandemic magnified existing health disparities in postpartum care.
Gender Differences in Enrollments in Post-Pandemic Higher Education
In October 2021, there were 10,061,000 women enrolled in higher education in the United States. They made up 58.1 percent of all enrollments in higher education. Women were 58.3 percent of all students entering graduate school in the fall of 2021. They were 57.8 percent of all students in their second or more years in graduate school.
The Status of Women as School Principals in the United States
In the 2020-21 academic year, 57.4 percent of all K-12 school principals in the United States were women. In the nation’s public schools, women were 68.6 percent of all principals in elementary schools. But women were 43.7 percent of middle school principals and only 35.5 percent of high school principals.
Workplace Fatalities for Women Increased Sharply in 2021
While women make up a low percentage of all work-related fatalities due to injuries, the number of deaths of women has been increasing. While women were just 8.6 percent of all work-related fatalities, they made up 14.5 percent of fatalities as a result of intentional injuries inflicted by a person in 2021.
Women Continue to Make Gains in Medical School Enrollments
The number of women first-year students at U.S. medical schools in 2022 increased slightly, to 12,630. Women made up 55.6 percent of all first-year students in U.S. medical schools. In 2022, there were 51,890 women students enrolled at U.S. medical schools. They made up 53.8 percent of all medical school students.
Women Make Up More Than Three Quarters of All Teachers in K-12 Schools
Overall, 76.6 percent of the nation’s teachers in K-12 schools are women. Women make up nearly 90 percent of all teachers in elementary schools. Women are 72.4 percent of middle school teachers and 59 percent of high school teachers.
General Accounting Office Examines Educational Disparities in the Gender Pay Gap
A new report from the U.S. Government Accountability Office finds that the gender pay gap varies by level of education. It was greatest for women with less than a high school diploma or equivalent, and was smallest for women with a bachelor’s degree. Women with a graduate degree earned only $$0.69 for every dollar earned by men with a graduate degree.
How the COVID-19 Pandemic Disproportionately Impacted Women Teachers
A study by researchers at the University at Albany finds that female educators with and without childcare responsibilities back home reported similar levels of stress throughout the pandemic. It was higher levels of stress associated with work and the pandemic itself that were the primary drivers of dissatisfaction among women teachers.
Is There Gender Bias in the Commerical Real Estate Business?
A new study by scholars at the Culverhouse College of Business at the University of Alabama finds that commercial real estate properties listed by women agents sold at a significant discount compared to those marketed by men. Also, individual female agents were involved in far fewer property transactions than their male peers.
University Study Finds a Huge Gender Gap in Sports Psychology Research
In examining 600 sport psychology research papers between 2010 and 2020 on topics such as physical and mental health, personality and motivation, coaching and athlete development, leadership, and mental skills, researchers found that 62 percent of the nearly 260,000 participants in the studies were men and boys.
How the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted the Gender Gap in Academic Publishing in Astronomy
Before the COVID-19 pandemic abruptly shut down labs and sent scientists home to work, female astronomers on average published about nine papers for every 10 published by men. But in the first two years of the pandemic, the gender gap in publication rate expanded.
Study Examines Gender Gap in Q&A Participation After Lectures at Academic Conferences
In an analysis of 32 academic presentations at an interdisciplinary conference – where 63 percent of the attendees were men – men asked 78 percent of the questions. A follow-up survey found that women were more likely to hold back because of anxiety.
Census Bureau Releases New Data on Same-Sex Couples in the United States
Both partners in 34 percent of same-sex partner households had at least a bachelor’s degree compared to 27.9 percent in opposite-sex married couples. Male same-sex couples were more likely than their female counterparts to both have bachelor’s degrees.
During the Pandemic, Women Were Two-Thirds of All American Students Who Studied Abroad
In the 2018-19 academic year, more than 347,000 students from the United States studied abroad. More than 67 percent of these students were women. While the total number of students who studies abroad in the 2020-21 academic dropped by more than 90 percent, women were nearly 66 percent of those who studied abroad.
